Internal combustion engine



Jan. 16, 1934. F. KLAIBER INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Fild March 25, 195o 3 Sheets-Sheet l Suventor FRANK L, KLAIBER.

Cttorneg Jan. 16, 1934.. F. L. KLAIBER v 1,943,870- INTERNAL coMBUsTIoN'ENGINE l Filled March 25 1950 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Jan. 16, 41934. F. l.. KLAIBER INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed March 25. 1950 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 l" 5 u .mi m MK2 w .hw @A .lll

FRANK L.KLABER.. `[NI/ENTOR ATT RNEY Patented` lan., 16, 1934 STATS Arent' Frank lL. Klaiber, Buffalo, N. Y., assigner to Worthington Pump and Machinery vCorporation, New York, N. Y., a

ginia Application March 25,

26 Claims.

This invention relates to improvements in internal combustion engines of the Diesel or similar oil burning type and more specifically to two stroke cycle double acting engines particularly 5,: adaptable for heavy power purposes such as marine engines, etc., which attain sizes developing several thousand horsepower each.

In engines of this type, the matter of assembling and servicing are among other things of great importance and it is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an engine designed to permit the ready assembling and dismantling of the cylinder construction for servicing or repair without requiring the removal of the exhaust manifold, the scavenging manifold, cylinder piping, platform etc., and without interfering in any waywith the alignment of the engine.

In internal combustion engines of this typ liners in the cylinder are employed and while heretofore it has been the improved practice to make these liners in sections to facilitate their removal or replacement, they have been constructed with shoulders or other variations in cross-section, which resulted in fractures at the joint of the thin and thick 'sections of the liners during operation of the engine.

It is therefore another object of the present invention to provide an improved two cycle double acting engine of this typein which the top and bottom liners are straight bushings of uniform thickness as is also the intermediate or port section thereby avoiding section variations and the resultant fractures.

With these and other objects in view as may appear from the accompanying specification, the invention consists of various features of construction and combination of parts, which will be rst described inv connection with the accompanying drawings,.showing an internal combustion engine of the preferredvform embodying the invention and the features forming the invention will be specifically pointed out in the claims.

In the drawings:

A Fig. 1 is a vvertical longitudinal section through the improved double acting internal combustion engine.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged vertical lsection through the combustion end of the engine.

Fig. 3 is a detailed longitudinal sectionsrthrough the cylinder assembly.

Fig. 4 is a top plan of the cylinder assembly.

Fig. is a bottom plan of 4the cylinder as- Referring more particularly to the drawing corporation of Vir-` 1930. Serial No. 438,703

(Cl. 12S-61) the improved double acting oil burning internal combustion engine is of the two stroke cycle type of Diesel engine and embodies the base 1 upon which the frame 2 is mounted, the frame in turn carries the cross head structure 3, 'which serves to guide the piston rod 4 upon the upper end of which the piston 5 is mounted.

The piston 5 reciprocates in the power cylinder assembly 6 in the usual manner for imparting power to the crankshaft 7 of the engine.

The power cylinder assembly 6 includes the cylinder proper, which is composed of the upper cylinder section 10, intermediate or port section 11, and the lower or inner cylinder section 12. f

The upper cylinder section 19 has its head substantially dome shaped and is closed by the spray valve or injection valve carrying-member 14, while its lower end has an inwardly facing annular shoulder thereon together with a down'-v wardly facing shoulder 16 against which the upper face of the flange 17 of the liner 18 of the upper cylinder engages. The linerl 18 of the upper cylinder section 10 like the liner` 19 of the lower section of the cylinder 12 is of uniform thickness, with the exception of the slight annular flange 17, so as to prevent any weakened joints or sections which have been found subject to fractures in actual operation of the en.

' the annular flange 20, which is formed on the intermediate cylinder'section 1l.

The intermediate Ncylinder section 11 is of substantially uniform thickness throughout its length, departing from such uniformity of its thickness only at the end ilanges 20 and 2l against which the liners 18 and 19 respectively engage. The intermediate section 11 of the cylinder is provided with scavenging air ports 22 and exhaust Jports 23, which ports open out to corresponding ports formed in the intake and exhaust conduit member 24. Therespective scavenging` ports 22 and exhaust ports 23 open through the ports in the member 24 to the scavenging air manifold 25 andexhaust manifold 26. These manifolds 25 and 26 are supported from the intake and exhaust conduit member 24 in any suitable manner as clearly shown in Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings.

The lower or inner cylinder section 12 has its lower or outer end substantially dome shaped and its inner end is provided with an annular flange 27, which engages Aagainst the lower end of the intermediate cylinder'section 11 and provides an outer downwardly facing clamp-shoulder 28 as well as the inner upwardly facing shoulder 29 against which the annular flange 30 of the liner 19 engages.

The lower end of the lower or inner cylinder section 12 is provided with an opening 31 through which the piston rod 4 extends.

'I'he lower end of the lower cylinder section 12 has 'a housing 32 attached thereto which forms a housing for the stuing box 33, positioned about the piston rod 4 and also forms a closure for the cooling chamber 34, being held in place and attachedr to the jacket 35 by the stuing box tensioning plate or member 36 by means of which the tension on the packing in the stung box is regulated.

'I'he jacket 35 cooperates with the lower cylinder section 12 and with the housing 32 to form the cooling water section 34 about the lower or inner cylinder section 12 and it also serves as a support for the injection valve structures 37 by means of which fuel oil is injected into the cylinder below the piston 5. The injection valves 37 andthe upper injection valve 38 may be of any approved construction.

'I'he ports 22 and 23 in the intermediate cylinder section 11 are bridged by sections of the cylinder or bridging members 39 certain of which are provided with openings 40.

The openings 40 open into the chamber 34 at the lower end of the cylinder and into the cooling chamber 41 at the upper or outer end ofthe cylinder so as to permit circulation of the cooling liquid between the chambers 34 and 41 and through the intermediate section 11 for cooling the cylinder construction. The chamber 41 is formed about the upper or outer cylinder section 10 by the jacket 42, which is attached to the injection valve-carrying block 14 and depends or hangs downwardly about the upper cylinder section 10, having its lower end free from direct connection with the cylinder section so as to permit removal of the jacket and cylinder sections and to accommodate expansion and contraction under temperature variances. A sealing ring 43 is mounted about the jacket 42 and engages the clamp ring 44 for preventing the escape or leakage of cooling/duid from the chamber 41.

It will be also noted in connection with expansion and contraction -of the parts of the engine, that the ends of the liners 18 and 19 are spaced from the respective cylinder sections 10 and 12 as shown at 45, so as to permit expansion and contraction of these members without fracture. y

The clampy ring 44 has an annular downwardly facing shoulder thereon, which engages the upwardly facing shoulder 15 on the upper cylinder section 10 and it is spaced from the upper end of the intake and exhaust conduit member 24, to which it is bolted by a relatively short bolt 47, so as to provide suicient clearance to accommodate expansion and contraction under temperature variances.

.A second clamping collar or ring 48 is provided, which is bolted tightly against the intake and exhaust conduit member 24 and has an annular upwardly facing shoulder 49 thereon thatv en- .j gages the downwardly facing shoulder 28 on the lower cylinder section 12.

The clamping collar or ring 48 is bolted to the intake and exhaust conduit member 24 by the duit member 24 serve as means for securely clamping the various cylinder sections 10, 11 and 12 and the liners 18 and 19 securely and firmly in their positions and provide a structure by means of which the cylinder sections or the piston and its rod may be withdrawn end-wise through the top of the engine with a minimum of dismantling of the engine structure, without affecting the manifolds 25 and 26 or their connections and without in any way affecting the alignment of the engine.

' The intake and exhaust conduit member 24 rests upon the cylinder base or entablature 52 in such manner that in effect, the intake and exhaust conduit member 24 together with the clamp ring 48 are as a part or one with the cylinder base 52 in distributing operating strains from the engine to the cylinder base 52 frame 2 and base 1. The intake and exhaust conduit member 24 is anchored or attached to the cylinder base 52, to the engine base 1 and consequently to the frame 2 by stress bolts 53, so as to administer or deliver the stresses from the operating or cylinder assembly end of the engine to its base and its foundation.

It will be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the specific construction or arrangement of parts shown but that these may be modified widely within the invention defined by the claims. y

ports in said intermediate section and having its lower section seated in said base, conduit means independent of said base lying adjacent to said intermediate section and providing intake and exhaust passages in communication with said ports, and means for holding said cylinder to said base and connected to said cylinder adjacent said upper section.

2. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder base, a. power cylinder provided with an upper section, an intermediate section and a lower section with intake and exhaust ports in said intermediate section and having its lower section seated in said base, said cylinder being attached to said base, and conduit means independent of said base but supported thereby and lying adjacent to said intermediate section and providing intake and exhaust passages in communication with said ports.

3. In an internal combustion engine of the double acting type, the combination of a cylinder base, a power cylinder having upper and lower cylinder sections, the lower of which is positioned Within said base extending adjacent the bottom thereof, said cylinder being provided with means for supporting it from said base, and intake and exhaust conduit means formed independent of said cylinder baseand supporting means.

4. In an internal combustion engine, the combinationof a cylinder base, a cylinder comprising an upper section, an intermediate section and a lower section, said lower section extending into said cylinder base, and means for holding Asaid cylinder 'sections in position whereby all the cylinder sections may be removed longitudinally from the top of the engine.

5. In an internal combustion engine of the double acting type, the combination of a cylinder base, intake and. exhaust conduit means supported bysaid base, a cylinder provided with upper and lower cylinder sections and having intermediate intake and exhaust port means common to bothcf said sections with bridging members between vsaid ports having liquid passages extending vertically therethrough, said cylinder being supported from said base free to be removed therefrom without removing said conduit means, said liquid passages being in communication with a lower liquid jacket formed between said base` and said lower cylinder section, and said lower liquid jacket being in communication with said liquid chamber, and jacket means spaced from said upper cylinder section providing an upper liquid ,jacket also in communication with said vertical liquid passages.

6. In an internal combustion engine of the double acting type, the combination of a cylinder base, intake and exhaust conduit means supported by said base, a cylinder provided with upper and lower cylinder sections and having intermediate intake and exhaust port means common to both of said sections with bridging members between said ports having liquid passages extending vertically therethrough, said cylinder being supported from said base free to be r i moved therefrom without removing said conduit means, said liquid passages being in communication with a lower liquid -jacket formed between said base and said lower cylinder section and jacket means spaced from said upper cylinder section providing an upper liquid jacket also in communication with said vertical liquid passages. A

7. In an internal combustion engine of the double acting type, the combination, of a cylinder base, intake and exhaust conduit means supported by said base, a cylinder comprising upper and lower cylinder sections and an intermediate section having intake and exhaust ports therein,

:said ports common to both of said upper and lower sections, supporting clamping rings, said upper and lowercylinder sections free from direct connection with said conduit meansand-provided with shoulders engaged by saidsupporting clamping rings for supporting the-cylinder and clamping the sections in position, whereby the cylinder-sections may be removed from the engine without removing said conduit means.

8. In an internal combustion engine of the double acting typethe combination of a cylinder base, intake and exhaust conduit means supported by said base, a cylinder comprising upper and lower cylinder sections and an intermediate.

Hbers between said ports and having liquid pas-` sages ,extendingI vertically therethrough, and

communicating with said cooling chambers.

l,9. In an internal combustion engine of the double acting type, the combination of a cylinder base, intake and exhaust conduit means supported by said base and provided with a bore, a

power cylinder comprising upper and lower cylinder sections and having intermediate intake and exhaust port means common to both of said sections with bridging members between said ports having liquid passages extending vertically therethrough, said cylinder being positioned within said bore and supported from said base free to be removed therefrom without removing said conduit means, closurey means forming in combination with the outer wall of the lower of said cylinder sections and said bore a lower liquid jacket, and jacket means spaced from said upper cylinder end providing an upper liquid jacket, said liquid jackets being in communication with said vertical liquid passages.

10. In an internal combustion engine of the double acting type, the combination of a cylinder base, intake and exhaust conduit means sup-` ported by said base and provided with a bore, a cylinder provided with upper and lower cylinder sections and having intermediate intake and exhaust port means common to both of said sections with bridging members between said ports .having liquid passages extending vertically therethrough,saidcylinderbeing positionedwithin said bore and supported from said base free to be removed therefrom without removing said conduit means, said liquid passages being in communication with a lower liquid jacket formed about said lower cylinder` section, and jacket means spaced from said upper cylinder section providing an upper liquid jacket also in communication with said vertical liquid passages.

1l. In an internal combustion engine of the character described, a cylinder comprising an upper cylinder liner having an external peripheral flange, an intermediate cylinder section comprising an outer median shell portion having intake and exhaust ports formed entirely therein and provided with vertical liquid passages between said ports and having upper and lower externally extending peripheral shoulders, a lower cylinder section provided with a cylinder head and an upwardly extending cylinder shell .having an exteriorly extending supporting ila-nge in engagement on its upper side with said lower shoulder, an upper cylinder section provided with a cylinder head and downwardly extending cylinder shell positioned exteriorly of said upper cylinder liner and having an exteriorly extending flange in supported engagement' with the upper side of the upper liner flange and presenting an upper side for hold-down clamping means, a liner in said lower cylinder section, said liners jointly extending throughout the working bore of said cylinder and being positioned in said sections free for longitudinal expansion with respect to said shells.

12. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder comprising an intermediate cylinder section having intake and export ports formed therein and provided with vertical liquid passages between said ports and having upper and lower internally extending peripheral. shoulders, a lower cylinder section provided with a cylinder head and an upwardly extending cylinder shell having an externally extending supporting flange engaged on its upper side by said lower shoulder, anupper cylinder section provided with a cylinder head and a downwardly extending cylinder shell having an externally extending ange presenting an upper side for engagement with holddown clamping' means, and means for clamping said cylinder sections together.

13. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with a cylinder base of a lower cylinder section extending into said base and having a shoulder supported from said base, an intermediate cylinder section lhaving a shoulder resting on said lower section and supported thereby and provided with intake and exhaust ports positioned abovesaid base, an upper cylinder s ection resting on said intermediate section and above said ports and having a shoulder resting on said intermediate section and having a holddown shoulder for suitable hold-down means.

14. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a lower structural framework, a cylinder base attached thereto, a power cylinder attached to said cylinder base, and means supported by said base and surrounding said cylinder and providing scavenging air and exhaust gas passages free from effective thermal contact with said base, said cylinder base being `interposed between said structural framework and said last mentioned means. i

15. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a lower strani-'wal framework. a cylinder base attached thereto by tension members, a power cylinder attached to said cylinder base by tension members, and means supported by said base and surrounding said cylinder and providing scavenging air and exhaust gas passages, said cylinder base being interposed between said framework and said last means and said means being free from any substantial stresses caused' tension members, and means supported by said base and surrounding said cy'inder and providing' scavenging air and exhaust gas passages, said baie being interposed between said framework and said last means and being free from any substantial thermal stresses. J K

17. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder base comprised as a working stress partof said engine structuraan" explosion cylinder supported in and carried by said base and provided vwith intake and Aexhaust ports, and conduit means carried by said base and supplying intake and exhaust passages in communication with said intake and exhaust ports and being free from any substantial work-, ing stresses of said engine and adapted to be removed without the removal of ysaid ba"e. (Y. l

18. In an internal combustionengine. the combination of a cylindcrbase provided with a vertical bore, a powercylinder provided with ,an upper regionen intermediate regiongand a lower region with intake and exhaust ports in said; intermediate region and having its lower region seated in said bore, said cylinder being attached tosaid base, and conduit means formed ent'rely separately from said base but supported thereby and lying adjacent to said intermediate region and providing intake and exhaust passages in communication with said ports.'

19. In an internal combustion engine of the double acting type, the combinaton of a cylinder base providedwith a vertical bore extending therethrough, a power cylinder having upper and lower cylinder heads, the lower of which is positioned within said bore extending adjacent the bottom thereof, said cylinder being provided with means for supporting it from said base, and

intake and exhaust conduit means formed independent of said cylinder base and supporting means.

20. In an internal combustion engine of the double acting type, the combinationof a cylinder'base provided with a vertical bore and liquid chambers, intake and exhaust conduit means supported by said base and providedqwith a bore in register with said bore in said base, a cylinder provided with upper and lowerl cylinder ends and having intermediate intake and exhaust port means common to both of said ends with bridging members between said ports having liquid passages extending vertically therethrough, said cylinder being-positioned within said' bores and supported by said base free to be removed therefrom without removing said conduit means, said liquid passages being in communication with a lower liquid jacket formed between said base and said lower cylinder end and said lower liquid jacket being in Comunication with said liquid chamber, and jacket means spaced from said upper cylinder end providing an upper liquid` jacket also in communication with said vertical liquid passages. f

2l. In an internal combustion engine of the double acting type, the combination of a cylinder base provided with a vertical bore, intake and exhaust conduit means supported by said base and provided with a bore in register with said bore in said base, a cylinder provided with upper and lower cylinder ends and having intermediate intake and exhaust port means common to both of said endswith bridging members between said ports having'liquid passages extending vertically therethrough, said cylinder being positioned withinsaid bores and supported by said base free to be removed therefrom without removing said conduit means, said liquid passages being 1n communication with a lower liquid jacket formed between said base and said lower cylinder end, and jacket means spaced from said up er cylinder end-providing an upper liquid jacket also -in communication with said vertical liquid passages.

22.. In an internal combustion engine of the double actingA type, the combination of a dynamic-stress-carrying'frame structure for transmitting reciprocal motion from power cylinder means to rotary motion -in crank shaft means,

'exhaust gas conduit means supported by said frame, a power cylinder having two heads, members passing from 'a point Aabove said conduit means vertically downwardly past said conduit means and into said frame, for attaching said cylinder to said frame independentlyA of, said conduit means whereby sa'd power cylinder may be removed from said frame without removing said conduit means and without disturbing said frame structure.

23. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a bed base, A-frame means extending upwardly therefrom and supported thereby,

Ja cylinder base mounted on said A-frame means,

work of the engine, intake and exhaust conduitv means supported on said cylinder base independ- .ent of said through bolts, and a power cylinder attached to said base structurally independent of said conduit means.

25. In an internal combustion engine of the double actingtype, the combination of a, bed

base, A-frarne means extending upwardly therefromA and supported thereby, a cylinder base mounted on said A-frame means, through bolts passing through and securing together said bed, said A-frame means and said cylinder base and forming therewith the stress carrying structural framework of the engine, intake and exhaust conduit means supported non said cylinder base independent of said through bolts, and a power cylinder supported by said base and attached thereto by bolts passing through said base.

26. In an internal combustion engine of the double acting type the combination of, a lower framework, a cylinder base resting on said framework and attached thereto by tension members and provided with a bore having a shoulder projecting into the bore and adapted to support a power cylinder, a power cylinder comprising three zones, an upper zone, an intermediate zone located above the cylinder base and a lower zone extending into the cylinder base and provided with a cylinder headhaving a central opening adapted to permit the passage therethrough oi a piston rod, said piston rod, a piston provided with upper and lower piston heads attached to said piston rod, conduit means for scavenging air and exhaust gas, the said power cylinder comprising three separate parts-corresponding to the three zones, the saidlower cylinder part consisting of a dome shaped cylinder head provided with an inserted liner and extended upwards to provide a flange whose under side forms a shoulder for supporting the cylinder on the cooperating shoulder projecting into the cylinder base bore, said shoulder on the cylinder being located as closely to the extreme upper end of said part as considerations of strength will permit, the intermediate cylinder part consisting of a cylindrical liner provided with ports for scavenging air and exhaust gas and resting on the lower cylinder part and supporting on its upper end the upper cylinder part, the upper cylinder part consisting of a dome shaped cylinder head provided with an inserted liner and extending downwards to a flange the Lipper side of which forms a shoulder located as closely to the extreme lower end oi said upper cylinder part as considerations of strength will permit, a clamping ring in clamping attachment with the shoulder of said upper cylinder part and surrounding said cylinder, an attachment means cooperating with said ring to attach said upper cylinderrpart to said cylinder base, whereby the cylinder ends from the respective supporting shoulders to their ends can expand unhindered by their attachment to said cylinder base and whereby the intermediate cyllnder part is held rigidly between the upper and lower cylinder parts through which a continuous cylinder bore is formed and continuous liquid cooling passages being formed through said iiange of the lower cylinder part and the said liner of the intermediate cylinder part and the said flange of the upper cylinder part, whereby the expansion of that part of the said cylinder which is rigidly held between the said upper shoulder and the said lower shoulder is minimized by the cool- 

